What is the key difference regarding ionization between Compton scatter and coherent scatter?

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Ionization means ejecting an electron from the atom. In Compton scatter, the x-ray photon collides with a loosely bound outer electron, transfers enough energy to eject that electron, and is scattered in a different direction with reduced energy. That ejected electron is the ionized product, so ionization definitely occurs. In coherent (Rayleigh) scatter, the photon interacts with the atom as a whole in an elastic process, so essentially no energy is transferred to electrons and no electrons are ejected. No ionization occurs. So the key distinction is that Compton scatter produces ionization, while coherent scatter does not.