Dose equivalent is a measure that accounts for which aspect of radiation exposure?

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Dose equivalent expresses the potential biological harm from radiation by adjusting the energy actually deposited in tissue (absorbed dose) with a factor that reflects how damaging that specific type of radiation is to living tissue. Different radiation types deposit energy with different biological effects, so the same amount of energy can cause more or less harm depending on whether it’s, say, alpha particles or x-rays. The dose equivalent combines energy deposition and these biological effects, yielding a single measure tied to risk (often expressed in sieverts). Exposure in air and time of exposure relate to how much energy is delivered or how long it occurs, but they don’t directly account for how harmful that energy is to tissue, which is why the correct concept is the biological effect.